{"id":2161,"date":"2021-09-16T12:49:42","date_gmt":"2021-09-16T12:49:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/?p=2161"},"modified":"2021-12-14T09:53:10","modified_gmt":"2021-12-14T09:53:10","slug":"the-professionalization-of-birdwatching-and-bird-protection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/the-professionalization-of-birdwatching-and-bird-protection\/","title":{"rendered":"Part 2: The professionalization of birdwatching and bird protection"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>With the invention of the first prismatic binoculars at the end of the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century and the first commitment of various zoologists to protect birds and their habitats described in the last article globally more and more organizations and institutions arose, who dedicated themselves to the protection of birds and ornithology as a science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"340\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/prism-binocular.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"2162\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/prism-binocular.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/?attachment_id=2162\" class=\"wp-image-2162\"\/><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">1917: Introduction of wide-angle binoculars to optimize the field of view.\nSource: ZEISS archive<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Moritz Carl Hensoldt founded the optical-precision engineering industry in Wetzlar, Germany, which continues today as an important industry for this city. Like Carl Zeiss, Hensoldt started with microscopes and a first astronomic telescope and then invented his first binoculars. In 1897 he developed roof prism binoculars glasses and other exclusive as foundation stone for his Dialyt, today known as the \u201cAbbe-K\u00f6nig-system\u201d. This so-called reflectance prism turned the picture by 180\u00b0 so it was no longer back-to-front and prevented all kinds of optical misalignment. This was important for the \u201cNight-Dialyt, which the company launched in 1930. At that time, the former family-owned company of Moritz Hensoldt already had been a stock corporation for the last eight years, after six years though Carl Zeiss Jena took over the majority of shares.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bird watching became more and more comfortable and more precise. During the same time the first organizations developed that had the protection of birds as sole focus. In Germany the \u201cFederation of Bird Protection\u201c was founded in 1899 by Lina H\u00e4hnle, who was called the German \u201cbird mother\u201d. The annual membership fee was very low, about the value of a loaf of bread, in order to get a broad audience. Lina H\u00e4hnle mainly fought against the fashion for hats of her time, where huge bird feathers were used. She had good relations with politicians and managed to get the German national bird protection law to be enacted in the beginning of the 20<sup>th<\/sup> century. She was not only interested in changing the conditions for birds in Germany, but also committed herself to France and the US, where she could win US president Woodrow Wilson as a new member for her organization. Today the organization is renamed into the \u201cFederation for Nature Conservation\u201d, but they still work in the tradition of Lina H\u00e4hnle and buy land to protect the habitats of birds. Lina H\u00e4hnle\u2019s first purchase was a lake called \u201cFedersee\u201d, even today a very important nature conservation area and habitat for birds. The nature conservation center there, sponsored by ZEISS, is an important point of contact for bird watchers and the interested public. She always travelled in the least expensive class of train compartment until the end of her life with the goal to talk to people and win new members for the organization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In England this tradition already started ten years before with the foundation of the<em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rspb.org.uk\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.rspb.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Royal Society for the Protection of Birds<\/a><\/em> by three ladies. The British founders were also against the exploitation of birds for the fashion. In England mainly feathers of the Great Crested Grebe were used, which the RSPB fought against from 1889 onwards. Step by step the RSPB got more and more areas for conservation and today is one of the strongest nature protection organizations with more than one million members.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:29px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_316135146_kl-1024x684.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"2163\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_316135146_kl.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/?attachment_id=2163\" class=\"wp-image-2163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_316135146_kl-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_316135146_kl-600x401.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_316135146_kl-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_316135146_kl-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_316135146_kl-640x427.jpg 640w, https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_316135146_kl-1200x801.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_316135146_kl-1920x1282.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_316135146_kl.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 98vw, (max-width: 1199px) 64vw, 770px\" \/><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\u00a9Arterra \/ Philippe Cl\u00e9ment \u2013 stock.adobe.com<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_446670644_kl-1024x767.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"2164\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_446670644_kl.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/?attachment_id=2164\" class=\"wp-image-2164\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_446670644_kl-1024x767.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_446670644_kl-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_446670644_kl-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_446670644_kl-1536x1151.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_446670644_kl-640x480.jpg 640w, https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_446670644_kl-1200x899.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_446670644_kl-1920x1439.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_446670644_kl.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 98vw, (max-width: 1199px) 64vw, 770px\" \/><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">\u00a9Tony Skerl \u2013 stock.adobe.com<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:28px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In the USA, the foundation of the <em>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.audubon.org\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.audubon.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">National Audubon Society<\/a>\u201d<\/em> had a more scientific orientation. The zoologist, publisher and natural scientist George Bird Grinnell founded the organization in 1905 after having run different other organizations before. His purpose was to run a scientific expert association for the protection of birds. Grinnell placed his organization consciously against the existing organization \u201cAmerican Ornithologists\u2019 Union\u201d, which at that time endorsed the hunt of birds to collect it for scientific data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n  <figure id=\"image-wo-block_61160e889538b\" class=\"image-options  none three-quarters\">\n\n\n\n    <div class=\"image-wo\">\n       <div class=\"image-wo-wrap\">\n              <div class=\"copyright white\">\u00a9 Tada Images \u2013 stock.adobe.com <\/div>\n      \n\n                       <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_435542275_kl-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\">\n                 <\/div>\n          \n\n\n\n\n  <!-- end image-options-->\n  <\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Only ten years later the US-American bird conservationists achieved an enormous step towards studying birds and other wild animals with the foundation of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/home\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Cornell Lab of Ornithology<\/em><\/a> an organization within Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Today numerous scientists and students research how to restore biological diversity with the focus on bird protection. Today citizen-science projects have a more important role \u2013 especially with the eBird platform, where bird watchers in the whole world register their sightings. With their Macaulay Library, founded in 1929, the Cornell Lab runs the globally most comprehensive archive of voices and video films of animals. In total the collection of the archive sums up to 175,000 animal voices and 9,000 species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The basis for an international cooperation of all the different organizations meant the formation of <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.birdlife.org\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"http:\/\/www.birdlife.org\/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>BirdLife International<\/em><\/a> in London in 1922, which is today crucial for the international nature and bird conservation. As BirdLife International is the network for all national conservation organizations that focus on the protection of birds. As official partner of the IUCN they together publish the red list of endangered species and BirdLife coordinates the international measures to protect species which are threatened by extinction. Today ZEISS supports the work around the conservation of birds on the red list.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-template-default\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/part-1-how-it-all-began-the-roots-of-bird-watching\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Part 1: How it all began: The roots of bird watching - Nature Observation\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"vlp-link-image-container\" style=\"background-image: url('https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/AdobeStock_332355303_kl-1024x682.jpg');\">\n\n\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vlp-link-text-container\">\n\n\t\t<div class=\"vlp-eyebrow\">External content<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading\">\n\t\t\tPart 1: How it all began: The roots of bird watching &#8211; Nature Observation\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vlp-link-summary\">\n\t\t\tAn insight into the beginnings of nature observation, the creation of the first binoculars and the developments in England and the USA&#8230;.\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>About the useage of binoculars in the beginning of the 20th century and the development of nature conservation organizations in Germany, England and the USA.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":2162,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[932,935],"tags":[],"topics":[],"yst_prominent_words":[446,589,605,53,54,101,104,127,130,152,157],"class_list":["post-2161","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-experience1","category-community1"],"acf":[],"author_meta":{"display_name":"ZEISS Birding Team","author_link":"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/author\/zeissbirding\/"},"featured_img":"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/prism-binocular.jpg","coauthors":[],"tax_additional":{"categories":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/category\/experience1\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Experience<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/category\/community1\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Community<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Experience<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Community<\/span>"]}},"comment_count":"0","relative_dates":{"created":"Posted 5 years ago","modified":"Updated 4 years ago"},"absolute_dates":{"created":"Posted on September 16, 2021","modified":"Updated on December 14, 2021"},"absolute_dates_time":{"created":"Posted on September 16, 2021 12:49 pm","modified":"Updated on December 14, 2021 9:53 am"},"featured_img_caption":"1917: Introduction of wide-angle binoculars to optimize the field of view.\nSource: ZEISS archive","series_order":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2161","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2161"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2161\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2227,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2161\/revisions\/2227"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2162"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2161"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2161"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2161"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=2161"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.zeiss.com\/sports-optics\/birding\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=2161"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}